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What Is COBRA Insurance and How Does It Work?

An introduction to COBRA for employees and their families, covering what the 1985 federal law does and which events allow coverage to continue. Explains how it bridges the gap until new health coverage begins.

COBRA is a 1985 federal law that lets workers and their families temporarily continue their employer-sponsored health insurance after a qualifying event such as job loss or a reduction in hours. It bridges the gap until new coverage begins.

What COBRA is

COBRA – the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act – is a federal law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1985. It allows workers and their families to temporarily continue employer-sponsored health insurance coverage after a qualifying event like job loss or a reduction in work hours. It essentially provides a bridge to help individuals find new health coverage before that coverage takes effect.

When can a COBRA participant change coverage?

Other than dropping coverage, a COBRA participant may only change COBRA coverage in two situations:

  • During the annual open enrollment period.
  • Through a special enrollment period, if the employer adds a new coverage option for similarly situated active employees.

Reporting non-employee participants: the COBRA/Retiree Template

The COBRA/Retiree Template is available to all employers for reporting the enrollment information of non-employee participants. Once the template is complete, it is ready to be uploaded.

Annual plan renewal: what employers need to do

Renewal starts with a survey email, followed by a COBRA Renewal Form unless one of the exceptions below applies.

Your situationWhat you need to do
You use a Technology Partner (for example, Employee Navigator or EASE Central)No COBRA Renewal Form. Tell us when renewal information has been updated in the partner's database and we will pull the information from the database.
You use the self-service utility in the COBRA Employer PortalNo COBRA Renewal Form. Complete and submit your renewal information through the portal.
Neither of the aboveThe COBRA Renewal Form must be completed.

Note: The survey is still required even if you do not yet have your plan and rate information – the online survey does not ask specific questions about plans or premiums.

Important: Renewal survey emails are sent to the three primary Client Contacts for the group. If you or your broker did not receive one, contact Client Support to have the Client Contacts updated and the survey email resent.

Frequently asked questions

What is COBRA?

COBRA, the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, is a federal law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1985 that allows workers and their families to temporarily continue their employer-sponsored health insurance coverage after a qualifying event like job loss or a reduction in work hours. It essentially provides a bridge to help individuals find new health coverage before it takes effect.

When can a COBRA participant change their coverage?

Other than dropping coverage, the only times a COBRA participant may make changes to their COBRA coverage are during the annual open enrollment period, or if the employer adds a new coverage option for similarly situated active employees through a special enrollment period.

Can someone already enrolled in Medicare elect COBRA?

Yes. A qualified beneficiary who was enrolled in Medicare before becoming eligible for COBRA can still elect COBRA coverage.

Do we have to complete the COBRA Renewal Form?

Not if you have a Technology Partner such as Employee Navigator or EASE Central, or if you use the self-service utility in the COBRA Employer Portal. With a Technology Partner you only need to advise us when the renewal information has been updated in the partner's database and we will pull the information from there; otherwise, the COBRA Renewal Form must be completed.

Our rates are staying the same as last year – do we still need to complete the survey and renewal form?

Yes. The survey must still be completed, and the renewal form is still required. To avoid completing the renewal form, sign in to your employer portal and update the rates manually.

Still have questions around COBRA insurance?
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